PRINT MEDIA

Teen trouble: 26 nov 2007:

12% of crime is from teenagers
but adults believe so much more from the media.

The news of the world says that they don't just educate they entertain so having a teen behaving badly is much more entertaining than watching a teen being good. this means that the bad story's get more space.

hypodermic theory - despite the debates behind the hyperdemic syringe, i would argue that actually because of the moral panic created through proliferation of negative press that actually this theory exsists particulary in this.


Deminising British youth






Desensitisation theory -




rupert murdoch owns a massive % of media.
where are these reports coming from?ownerships.


IPSOS MORI Survey 2005:
40% of articles focus on violence, crime, anti-social behaviour; 71% are negative.

Brunel University 2007:
TV News: violent crime or celebrities; young people are only 1% of sources.

Women in Journalism 2008:
72% of articles were negative; 3.4% positive
75% about crime, drugs, police.
Boys: yobs, thugs, sick, feral, hoodies, louts, scum
Only positive stories are about boys who died young

New media has a lot of coverage over the london riots.

David Starkey(racial and believes culture is a bad influence)

CASE STUDY:
Rioting 2.0?
Turning off the internet
What role did new media technologies, particularly social networking sites play in the london riots?
Do media cause riots or revolutions?
technology and surveilleance: mobile phones, CCTV, 24-hour news...

 QUESTIONS ON THE GUARDIAN:

How can you link cultural hegemony to this article?

The higher class

The conservatities have 'massively exaggerated the problems in state schools', linking poor families with educational failure and anti-social behaviour.

The fabians accuse the conservaties of playing to middle class fears and invoking 'a moral panic' about education

Tory MPs..

How does the article suggest moral panic is being caused?

it has always sutied the conservatives to play to middle class fears and moral panics around education'tim horton'

David camerson's comment in july that he was terrified by the porospect of sending his children to a local state secondary school...

Can you link in Mcrobbies smybolic violence theory? how?

They link together issues such as bad discipline, falling standards, crime, and feral children, with educational standards in disadvantaged schools. In so doing, they end up encouraging a massively exaggerated view of problems like crime and drugs, and stigmatise schools in disadvantaged areas.

 How far do you agree with this article that governments decisions and policies are continuing to create a divide between the middle and working class?

 Discuss

Between 6 and 10 August 2011, several London boroughs and districts of cities and towns across England suffered widespread rioting, looting and arson.

 

Online Media.

FACEBOOK LOGO: the connotations of this image are social networking, computer, online, public, representation of yourself to other people, advertisment, sharing of information, judgemental, events.

The impact of this kind of media on british youth and youth culture is that:

(P)
Youths become more social with other youths
Different cultures comminicate giving a more wide variety of oppions and aproaches to our society.
Keeping incontact with family and friends who you cannot see regulary.

(N)
Online bullying.
People that you dont want to, to have access to your information  this could be a lot or a little depending on how much you put on it.

New forms of social interaction that media technologies enabled:
Globalisation
Sharing of information
development of self-identity
Self realisation
Collective intelligence
Reshaping media messages and their flow; reshape and recirculate messages
increased voice
Consumer communication with business(greater influence)-mass collaboration
awareness-bands/skills
communication has become interactive dialogue
user generated content(UGC)
self presentation and self disclosure
increasing diversity within cultures
online media focus on some or all of the 7 functional building block - identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, repuation and groups(kietzmann et al. 2011)


"Online media are especially suitable to construct and develop several identities of the self (Turkle, 1998)."


'If facebook was a country it would be the third largist in the world'

The modern identity concept:
Personal identity - sense of being a unique individual
Social dentity - results from being a member of a group
- in former times: nationality, race, gender, occupation, sport club.
Mediatization of the self - diversity of interest groups in online social networks
- easy transition between those communities

why people go on facebook:
entertainment
escapism
knowledge/information
personal relationships/social interaction
personal identity


Digital identity
A person has not just one stable and homogeneous identity.
identity consists of several fragments that permanently change.
multiple, but coharent.

Media Use in Identity Construction; Katherine Hamley.

Questions:

•      Young people are surrounded by influential imagery – popular media (Examples?)

•      It is no longer possible for an identity to just be constructed in a small community and influenced by a family (Discuss)

•      Everything concerning our lives is ‘media saturated’ (What does this mean?)

Answers:
-The certain type of popular media's can be anything from the internet, to magazines, to Television, to Advertising and/or music. These are all surrounding our young people influenening them in all types of ways.
(Celebrities,peers on social networking sites,youtube videos,newsreports)

-The reason it is no longer possible for an identity to just be constructed in a small community and influenced by their families is that arguebly everything in our lifes today is seen to be 'media-saturated' and that the popular online media variations are much more appealing to the younger generation therefore becoming more of their favourite way of acting and forming indenitys. Media makes you more open minded.

-Media saturated means how the media is feeding us information of our way of living that the media has dominanted our society and everyone wants to see,read and discovery what it has to offer. That media plays a large role in our lives.  Media saturates into who we are and what we look like and act like.


"Identity is complicated-everybody thinks they've got one" David Gauntlett

BUCKINGHAM
He classifies identity as an 'ambiguous and slippery' term;
identity is something unique to each of us, but also implies a relationship with a broader group;
identity can changed according to our circumstances;
identity is fluid and is affected by broader changes;
how can you relate this to Britishness?(political,immigration,regionality;where your born/live,
identity becomes more important to us if we feel it is threatened;


CULTURAL IMPERIALISM: Influence of one culture to another.

You have this communication through globalisation.
 Could argue that what we thought was British isn't anymore as it has been effected by different cultures.

DAVID GAUNTLETT



Identity is complicated however, everybody feels that they have one;
religious and national identites are at the heart of major international conflicts
the average teenager can create numerous identites in a short space of time(Especially using the internet, social networking sites etc.)
We like to think we are unique, but Gauntlett questions whether this is an illusion, and we are all much more similar then we think.

5 KEY THEMES:
1. creativity as a process(about emotions and experiences)
2. making and sharing(to feel alive, to participate, in community)
3.happiness(through creativity and community)
4.creativity as social glue(a middle layer between individuals and society)
5.making your mark(and making the world your own)


Memes 'a catchprase or concept that spreads quickly from person to person via the internet'.

An Anthropological Introduction to Youtube

Michael Wesch

Whilst watching the video answer these question

1.       When was Youtube first released?

June 23rd 2008

2.       According to Michael Wesch what does Web 2.0 allow people to do?

3.       When media changes what else changes?

4.       What influenced the loss of community? And what has now filled this void?

5.       How are communities connected?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.       Explain what he means by voyeuristic capabilities?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7.       Write 3 points about what he refers when he discusses playing with identity

•       ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

•       ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

•       ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8.       What does the ‘Free hugs phenomenon’ suggest about people?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

HOMEWORK

SHOE BOX AND REVISE 9 THEORIES.

media effects: Learn these for exam.

Hypodermic model: The media is injecting us with the ideas.

Cultivation Theory: The more criminal/violent behaveour we see on TV the more likely you are to believe it is happening in real life. It cultivates your mind into beliving it is reality.

Copy cat Theory: You copy what you see on TV. It is gloryfing this horrific behaveour.


Moral Panic: When (youth) or such: becomes a threat to society. Creating panic amoung a society.


Analysis:

Whose perspective is dominant in each of the texts?
Whar do the representations have in common?
How are the represenatations different?
How are parental figures represented?
How important is social class?


What do you understand by contemporary British social realism?

- Social realist films attempt to potray issues facing ordinary people in their social situations.
- Social realist films try to show that society and the capitalist system leads to the exploitation of the poor or dispossessed.
- These groups are shown as victims of the system rather than being totally responsible for their own bad behaviour.

When comparing our collective identity..

Who is being represented?
Who is representing them?
How are they represented?
What seems to be the intentions of the representations?
What is the dominant discourse?
What range of readings are there?
Look for Alternate discourses?


COLLECTIVE IDENTITY:

The social context in which the film/Tv programme is made influences the messages/values/dominant discourse of the film.

Representartions can cause problems for the groups, because marginalized groups have little control.




Compare to more commercial products.



THEORIST - STUART HALL:

encoding-decoding theory: how we actually read the media. Examines the relationship between a text and its audience.
encoding is when the meaning and codes and put into a media product.
Decoding is when we process the products and try to interpret and understand.
Polysemic - meaning they may be read differently by different people.

first reading:(hegemonic)
We are agreeing with the dominant ideologies. We are working together.

Second reading:(negotiated)
The audience might understand the dominant ideologies but might not agree with them. Pick bits to agree with and deflect the bits they dont agree with.

third reading:(counter-hegemonic)oppositional.
Will understand the contextual message but will decode the message by a completely opposititional means.
(Will still understand it but by no means agree with it)

A representation is a mixture of:
the thing itself
the opinions of the people doing the representation
the reaction of the invididual to the representation
the context of the society in which the representation is taking place

Implicit personality theory:

How are British youths represented in Quadrophenia and Harry Brown

Both these films portray the British youth in very different ways, Harry Brown makes us feel intimidated by these youths that they are our new feared characters we would usually believe were things like 'zombies' in the horror genre. But these 'hoodies' hit home a lot more and we feel much more frightened by them because they are not made up and infact they are part of our society today. Harry Brown represents these youths as ignorant to the laws and morals of a civil society, as we see with examples from the opening sequence we have the 'thugs' pressuring one boy who wants to be part of their 'gang' into making him smoke weed like a 'real man' they are saying, They then pass him a gun and we can see that every single one of them get excited at the idea of having their own gun. As if it is a privlege to own the power that could end a persons life to becoming a respected 'hoodie', The opening sequence demontrates the nievity and violent youths who think what they know and do is the right actions to go about. We see this taken to the extreme when they are pretending to shot at a woman missing her by inches who is walking in daylight through the park pushing a pram with her baby inside they shot at her twice scaring her and her screaming for her life and by the third shot with the youths laughing as it is some innocent game they shot her and it hits her and we see blood as she falls to the floor, insinuating that she could be infact dead and these horrific actions that these youths think is funny leads to the public society in danger. Just by this opening sequence of Harry Brown us as the audiences feel threatened and scared of these thugish youths who show all the hallmarks of the stereotypical youth of our 'Broken Britain' with the tracksuits,guns and their dead eyes. Director Daniel Barber is also aware of the visual power of the 'hood' itself as an iconic image that has long had sinister connotations; most with the ku klux klan and the Grim Reaper.You have these youths hiding their faces masking their idenities and because we cannot see them scares us as we don't know who we are confronted by. What seperates the hoodies from the youth cults of previous moral panics that we see in 'Quadrophenia' who are the 'teddy boys', 'the mods' and 'rockers' etc. Is that they do not have the pop-cultural weight of the other subcultures, who grouped their members through the bonding of music, art and fashion. These new aged 'youths' are instead defined by their class: percieved as being bottom of the 'heap' and their social standing. That they are the lowest of all our classes. The perceptions of both films show very different examples of youths 'acting out', we have 'harry brown' who demonstrates youths acting like 'thugs' causing fright to people for their sheer enjoyment and looking for trouble and it is just seen as much more of a negative personer of these youths. Whereas even though Quadrophenia's youths take drugs and drink it comes accross in a more hippster innocent way as if they are just looking for a good time and not to cause trouble whilst trying to find their own person. They are more challenged by the adults for instance the parents have more control affecting their feelings than they would in Harry Brown. These youths only really cause harm to the public society when they are rioting against eachother the groups of 'the mods' and 'the rockers' who are the oppsite and hate one another.
It was In the early-mid 1960s when the two conflicting groups of British youths sparked the first case of major nationwide moral panic with their fighting. The 'Rockers' who were the first group, usually rural, manual workers who wore clothes such as black leather jackets and rode big motorcycles in gangs. The other group 'the mods', were mostly city dwellers who wore suits and rode scooters and green jackets, and who saw the rockers as “out of touch” and looking to cause trouble. Conflict usually took place over disputes like the overlapping of territories. Quadrophenia shows the impact of entering the same territorie when the rockers and mods are both in Brighton and cause a huge riot that gets the police involved because it becomes so extreme with them hitting one another with wooden bats. However they of course dont use guns or knifes so we dont feel as threatened once again by these youths as they dont exactly want to 'kill' someone they just want to own their territorie and show them 'who's boss' Where as in Harry Brown the youths are eager to kill and hurt innocent people to make them seem stronger, more intimitating and powerful to one another. In Harry Brown the Adults are percieved as the heros who hunt down and infact sometimes kill these terror antagonists of youths we are in favour throughout this film of the adults suceeding in victory over the uncontrollable teenagers. In Quadrophenia the adults arent seen as the good guys, nor the bad guys they are just the characters who want their teenagers to grow up and become mature rather than take drugs and ride around in their scooters all day and go to parties. The main character's parents in this film only get agressive towards him because of him being late home and not getting up for work or finding drugs in his possession and this is the kind of action any parent would have today(maybe not as violent, of course) but they are only doing this actions because they want whats best for the teenager who is going through the rebellion stage trying to find themselves as a person. So in this film we have an open mind about the adults in contrast to the youths. Applying theorists i would put Acland's (1995) theory of how the adults and youths who are protrayed as 'normal' are now contrasting with the youths that we could describe as 'delinquents' and 'ASBOS' so it shows us a clear break in the differences and these 'ASBOS' are acting in an unexceptable way. This theorist believes that the media plays a big part in youths and that the 'ideology of protection' is aided when we are watching and monitering the youths every move as they need constant survallience with the way they act. This is at the time of a persons life when you are coming into your own person with your own attitudes and thoughts and this is the time to be learning the values and social rules of how we should all be acting, to make sure these youths confrom to the rules and do not stray. These adults in Aclands theory believe the adults have this middle class revenge fantasy in which these working class youths are punished. This theory is shown in Harry Brown with the adults acting as the hero fighting for morality and a unterrifing society. In Quadrophenia, the theory of Cohen's (1972) is used as it was in the 1960's that this theorist looked at the media responses to the mods and rocker riots in these times. He argued that certain topics arised from societies during the time when the topics were the anxieties of the societies of the time. For instance the rocker riots came from the youths rebel to the rock and roll life style they had taken acustomed to. A Moral panic occurs when the media highlights and widens the seriousness of youths. The idea of moral panic is that it allows the society to deside what values it does not accept. But the example of working class youths potrayed today have become this 'horror' and 'scary' image that have become a contempory scare for us today. Maybe perhaps tapping into the economic anxieties, and concerns about benifit cultures and the long list of people unemployed with nothing to live for but their youth 'gangs'. We can see from the different theorists perseptives and form our own watching these two films and the difference portral of these young 'youths' that a lot has changed from the 1960's to todays time and that we would say that the mentality of these youths has got far more aggressive and ignorant as the years go on and there is fear that this will continue and the actions of these youths will get out of hand unless we can instruct some kind of control as these youths are becoming more 'scarier' to our society by the second, and what used to be a rebelling of culture act is turning into terrorism and threat to gain enjoyment: if that is the case then today's middle class youths are infact frightening to us, from the representation of these two media texts and the media publication alone.